Finally: After 250 years, a solution to this intriguing and important phenomena of osmosis has been found. Many other solutions have been proposed, no others fully explain the process and the many applications. This book introduces a new understanding of osmosis, solids, liquids, and vapor pressure and more
Others have suggested that vapor pressure is the driving force for osmosis, they were slapped in the face also. Osmotic pressure is approximately 140 times greater than vapor pressure. We asked the question what is vapor pressure? Frankel (1943) suggested that liquids and solids can be represented as crystal lattice structures with molecules at the …. Read More
REVERSE OSMOSIS The Osmosis experiment has intrigued many people for years. Water flowed uphill through a membrane into wine. Water flow stops when a high pressure (osmotic pressure) is applied to the wine. Further increases in pressure on the wine will cause pure water to flow from the wine to the water. This is known …. Read More
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain flow through a membrane. These are: Bulk pressure driven flow The entire flow field is forced through a membrane (filter). Larger particles are trapped in the filter. The cleaned fluid is normally reused in the system. Trapped impurities remain in the filter. Special filters can remove submicroscopic particles. …. Read More
A membrane is a soft pliable sheet made from plant, animal, or a man-made Material. Membranes can be described as permeable or semi permeable. Semipermeable means that some materials can pass through the membrane but other materials cannot. The osmosis experiment is a prominent example of a semipermeable membrane. Water and wine were separated by …. Read More
OSMOTIC PRESSURE JA Nollet’s simple experiment (1748) to investigate the filter efficiency of a bladder membrane produced an enigma which is still misunderstood by many persons today. Wine in a column was separated from pure water by a pig’s bladder membrane (figure 1). The static pressure produced by a column of wine was expected to …. Read More
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